TENSES

simple Present Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berlangsung/terjadi pada waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana, kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, kebiasaan sehari-hari, peristiwa atau perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan waktu, dan untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum.

Rumus :

*  Subject + Verb 1 ( s / es ) + complemant  :: positive ( + )

*   Subject + do / does + not Verb 1 + complemant   :: negative ( - )

*   do / does + subject + verb 1 + complemant   ( ? )

• I speak English everyday
• I don't speak English
• Do you speak English ?
• Master of football show his skill
• Fatimah takes her money.

Present continuous tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (present) atau rencana dimasa depan (future). Karena dapat digunakan pada present atau future, tense ini sering diiringi adverb of time untuk memperjelasnya.

Rumus :

* subject + tobe + V1-ing + c (+)

* subject + tobe +not + Verb1 –ing + c (-)

* tobe + subject + Verb- ing + c (?)

• I am writing now
• I am NOT writing now 
• Are you writing now ?
• You are reading my article at present.
• You are NOT reading my article at present 

Simple past tense adalah suatu bentuk  kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi dimasa lampau. Pada simple past tense, waktu kejadian (yesterday, last two days, last year) atau periode waktunya (for two months, for a day, for an hour) dapat disebutkan secara spesifik.

Rumus :

* subject + be 2 + verb I – ing (+)
* be 2 + subject + verb I –ing (-)
* subject + be 2 + not + verb I –ing(?)

Contoh :

• Did he come on time yesterday?
• I studied civil engineering for almost 4 years.
• I was reading a journal in the library when someone burped out loud.
• I had already had breakfast when he picked me up.
• If she studied hard, she would be pass. 

Past continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu dimasa lampau. Aksi tersebut telah dimulai tapi belum selesai pada saat itu. 

Rumus :

*subject + be 2 + verb I-ing (+)
* be 2 + subject + verb I-ing (-)
* subject +be 2+ not + verb I-ing(?)

Contoh :

• The team was running
• The team was not running
• I was shopping at this time yesterday.
• They were roasting corn at this time last night.
• She was sleeping when you called her. 

Present perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus

Positif: S + have/has + V3
Negatif: S + have/sas Not + V3
Tanya:   Have/has + S + V3

• I’ve read this book.
• I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
• She has called you three times.
• I’ve just sent you an email.
• She has studied in French since April.

Past perfect tense adalah salah satu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi. Aksi yang telah selesai dimasa lampau itu dapat terjadi berulang kali maupun hanya sekali.

Rumus :
* Subject + had + verb III(+)
*Had + subject + verb II (-)
*Subject + had + not + verb III(?)

Contoh :

• My brother had slept
• When he came last night, the cake had run out.
• The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called.
• I thought he had changed to be better man.
• If he had taken a bath fast, he would have missed the train.

Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu dimasa lalu.

Rumus :
*Subject + had+ been + verb I –Ing + object (+)
* had + subject + been + verb I-ing + object (-)
* subject + had + not + been + verb I-ing (?)

Contoh :

Lia had been walking

I had been working with my computer all day, and all I wanted to do was eat some chocolate.

By the time the teacher came, the students had been reading a half part of the text.

She was annoyed since she had been waiting for 2 hours on the bus station.

He had been standing in front of the door for thirthy minutes before it was opened.